Understanding Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy: Causes, Risks, and Prevention Tips

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy in women who have not previously been diagnosed with diabetes. It affects 2-10% of pregnant women worldwide. This condition is caused by hormonal changes and insulin resistance, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

In most cases, gestational diabetes resolves after delivery. However, some women may continue to have high blood sugar levels postpartum, increasing their risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Regular follow-ups and lifestyle modifications can help monitor and manage this risk for up to 6-12 weeks postpartum and beyond.

During pregnancy, the body produces hormones that can interfere with insulin's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. These hormones, along with increased insulin resistance, require the body to produce more insulin. When the body cannot meet this demand, gestational diabetes develops. High sugar in pregnancy can lead to complications, making it essential to monitor blood sugar levels and adjust dietary intake accordingly.

Although the exact cause is unclear, several factors increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes, including:

• Being overweight or obese

• A family history of diabetes

• Maternal age over 25 years

• A history of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies

Gestational diabetes may increase the risk of:

• High blood pressure and preeclampsia

• Having a surgical delivery (C-section)

• Developing diabetes in future

If the person has gestational diabetes, the baby may be at an increased risk of:

• Excessive birth weight

• Early (preterm) birth

• Serious breathing difficulties

• Hypoglycaemia

• Obesity at a later stage in life

• Stillbirth

Screening tests for gestational diabetes typically include:

Initial Glucose Challenge Test

The patient drinks a glucose solution, and after one hour, a blood test measures their blood sugar levels. A reading of 140 mg/dL or more suggests gestational diabetes. If the level is high, a follow-up test is needed.

Follow-up Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

This test requires fasting for 8 hours, followed by drinking a glucose solution. Blood samples are taken every hour for 2-3 hours to monitor blood sugar levels.

Eating a balanced diet is vital for controlling blood sugar levels. Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, fresh fruits, and vegetables while limiting sugary and processed foods. Spread out your carbohydrate intake to avoid blood sugar spikes.

Foods to Eat and Avoid When Pregnant

During the second trimester of pregnancy, food choices are crucial as the baby's growth accelerates. While fruits are generally healthy, some high-sugar fruits should be consumed in moderation for mothers with gestational diabetes. If you're looking for low-GI foods to eat during pregnancy, consider:

• Millet rotis with paneer or vegetable curry

• Sprouted moong chaat with lemon

• Besan (chickpea flour) cheela with yogurt

• Makhana (fox nuts) roasted with a pinch of salt

• Ragi porridge with nuts and seeds

• Curd with flaxseeds and cucumber

• Mixed vegetable upma with broken wheat or millets

Snacking Tip:

Hunger pangs and cravings are common during pregnancy. Consider incorporating SnackEasy , a millet-based pregnancy snack, into your diet. Its Desi Masala flavour is not only delicious but also has a low glycemic index (GI), making it a great option for mothers managing gestational diabetes. Low GI foods help keep blood sugar levels stable, providing sustained energy without causing spikes. SnackEasy is fortified with essential nutrients like folic acid, calcium, and Vitamin D2, supporting both you and your baby’s health.

Staying active can help your body use insulin more effectively. Discuss safe pregnancy exercises, such as walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga, with your healthcare provider.

Frequent monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential for managing gestational diabetes. Use a glucose meter as recommended by your doctor to track your levels throughout the day.

Frequent prenatal visits allow your healthcare provider to monitor your blood sugar levels and the baby’s growth. Early detection of complications can ensure timely intervention.

Attend classes or read materials to learn about managing gestational diabetes. Staying informed allows you to make better health choices for yourself and your baby.

Managing gestational diabetes can be overwhelming. Join a support group or lean on friends and family to stay motivated. Talking to other moms with similar experiences can be reassuring.

Related Reading: 

• What To Expect When You're Expecting

• Healthy Snacking Ideas for Pregnant Moms